“Age Reversal Is Coming.” Everything You Need To Know - Dr David Sinclair - #1141

“And it's been good to me. I also take that with NMN, which is an NAD supplement. It's a precursor. We studied both in my lab. And we just resubmitted a paper.”

“We'll see what they say. What was the controversy? Because I know since the last time we spoke, there's been some furore around resveratrol, some more furor around NAD, maybe NMN as well. Yeah. Can you explain what happened? Yeah, sure. These are all typhoons in a teacup or whatever it is.”

“Unless you want to complain about atomic theory, you know, we're done here. Okay. And what happened with NAD, NMN? So, yeah, let's bring everyone up to spear on what NAD is. So CERT1 also can be activated by giving it fuel, which is NAD.”

“Okay, I can give you examples. Shelly Basin, you could look up in PubMed, he's got a couple of really good papers giving NMN, which is the precursor to NAD, to people that are either obese or have pre-diabetes or even super fit ones.”

“Makes sense. The law makes sense. Where things got crazy was a company that I started called Metro Biotech started a clinical trial with NMN. And a little later, people started putting NMN on the market.”

“So now it is enforced? No, I mean the opposite. The FDA, I believe, says it's okay to have NMN on sale now. Oh, interesting. Okay. There was a court case that I think resolved that. Are you still taking the baby aspirin?”

“is low blood flow. And then we could reverse that with NMN through CERT1, more blood flow. And it's really underappreciated how much a lack of blood flow leads to diseases, especially your muscles and your brain.”

“and it had contamination. But I do want to say, at the risk of some litigious activity against me, that NMN and these NAD precursors can have contaminants in them.”

“NMN can have things like, well, first of all, I think the study that was published, it's worth looking at by Andrea Meyer. She's out of Singapore. She found that a lot of the NMN supplements didn't have NMN in it. And if they did, it was a low amount. And we found in my lab, which I don't think is in Andrea's paper, is that there is endotoxin in NMN bulk and supplements.”

“And we found out the hard way we were feeding it to mice to make them live longer, which is not going to work if it's contaminated. Hang on. So even the NMN that you were using in your lab that you thought was pure was so contaminated that it was infecting the study participants? 100%. Wow. So we've had to really work hard with manufacturers to get it really pure.”

“How hard do people need to work? If somebody's taking an NMN supplement now, is there anywhere that a normal person can go that's not going to risk being contaminated? Well, if I ever mention a brand, it's going to be, it'll blow up the internet, might bring it down.”

“NAD and Resveratrol, new discoveries. Before we get into that, though, what discoveries have excited you most since 2019? Gee, a lot. I'm very lucky to have a lab where there's up to 40 people running around making discoveries.”

“There's a molecule called NAD that a lot of your listeners and viewers would know about. This enzyme responds to NAD levels. But long story short is when you're in adversity mode, your body switches from growth and reproduction into survival mode.”

“We'll see what they say. What was the controversy? Because I know since the last time we spoke, there's been some furore around resveratrol, some more furor around NAD, maybe NMN as well. Yeah. Can you explain what happened? Yeah, sure. These are all typhoons in a teacup or whatever it is.”

“Unless you want to complain about atomic theory, you know, we're done here. Okay. And what happened with NAD, NMN? So, yeah, let's bring everyone up to spear on what NAD is. So CERT1 also can be activated by giving it fuel, which is NAD. CERT1 chomps with NAD. And in fact, this is not often known. The chemical that it takes off the epigenome structures is donated to NAD.”

“just my lab, that raising NAD levels above normal baseline is very good for humans. Okay, I can give you examples. Shelly Basin, you could look up in PubMed, he's got a couple of really good papers giving NMN, which is the precursor to NAD, to people that are either obese or have pre-diabetes or even super fit ones.”

“So raising NAD, I think most people would say that it's good for humans and animals. Okay. And again, we're going to publish that it's good for longevity too. Where the debate that came up, I think you're talking about the one that was maybe a few months ago.”

“Somebody showed that human blood levels in white blood cells, the white blood cells don't have less NAD as you get older. So some people who love to make a living of being naysayers, especially towards my career, jumped on that and said the whole theory is wrong.”

“whole theory is wrong. If white blood cell NAD levels don't go down with aging, then the whole theory must be incorrect, which, as you can tell, is complete BS. In fact, we've known for probably a decade that that was true.”

“What's the status? I'd looked at something to do with it. It was a pharmaceutical, then it was a supplement, and now I don't know what the level of access is with NAD and stuff at the moment. How's that classified? Yeah. Oh, just a final thought.”

“or they had metabolic syndrome. Anyway, we could check it out, but there is some good correlations between NAD levels and age-related conditions. Want to be accurate? All right. So the FDA thing.”

“So that's metformin, rapamycin, some senolytics, and probably GLP1, receptor agonists would fall into that bucket. And then there's supplements, which is the Wild West. There's a lot of things said about them. I believe in a few of them based on a lot of animal research and some human data.”

“to my microbiome. Well, I mean, I know that some of the proposed positive effects for GLPs include slowing motility through the gut, which actually helps with things like SIBO or Candida or H.”

“the proposed mechanisms I think that helps from GLPs. And I don't know, that's what I was interested, maybe creating this very, I was going to say sterile environment. It's not, it's barren, this completely vacant environment for two weeks.”

“Talk to me about GLPs because, you know, this has been, this wouldn't have even been a discussion, right? Three letters that I'd never have even heard put together the last time that we sat down 2021, and certainly not in 2019.”

“2019. Yeah. What's your opinion on GLPs? In general, I'm very favorable. The number of studies that come out are showing that they're actually quite useful, especially micro-dosing for healthy people.”

“But I do think that, and I have taken GLP-1s, small doses to see how I would feel, what would happen. I definitely didn't have hunger. That was obviously what would happen.”

“It's like the number one leading cause of malnutrition globally is obesity. Currently around about 11% of US adults, 29 million Americans ever used a GLP, 15%. So that means that only, what's that?”

“should be declared a disease. We work on drugs and then we treat it. And in the same way that GLP-1s now are saving the world, the same will be true, I believe, 20, 30 years that people will say, why didn't we treat aging earlier? What common health advice today do you think people will laugh at in 50 years time?”

“So in the morning, and if you go to page, what is it, 304 of lifespan, it's still there. And I still do that. Resveratrol. It's been back and forth, controversial. It's not controversial in scientific circles. There's a few naysayers, but they make a living out of it. Resveratrol is from plants that are stressed and they activate CERT1, this resetter and slower of the epigenome noise.”

“noise. So I've been taking about a teaspoon, call it a gram of resveratrol every morning, almost every morning for the last, gee, probably 20 years. Doing all right. It seems to help in clinical trials.”

“We'll see what they say. What was the controversy? Because I know since the last time we spoke, there's been some furore around resveratrol, some more furor around NAD, maybe NMN as well. Yeah. Can you explain what happened? Yeah, sure. These are all typhoons in a teacup or whatever it is.”

“I can't stop drinking your drinks. Very good. Good. That's all I needed. So let's start with resveratrol. I try not to bore everybody. SERT1 is an enzyme. I'll use my hands. It's an enzyme that carries out reactions that stabilize the epigenome so it doesn't decay.”

“You're old enough. So it's chewing away the chemicals, stabilizing things. Faster, the better. Resveratrol, we know, binds physically to the enzyme and now makes it chomp faster. Okay. The controversy that came up was that Pfizer, a team at Pfizer, not the whole company, just a group in the company, put out a paper in 2010 that said, Resveratrol doesn't do this.”

“We could even block it by changing an amino acid in this protein. And we actually have a study now that we've made a mouse that has this block, and resveratrol doesn't make the mouse healthier anymore. It doesn't live longer. So that's as good as evidence that you could get that we were right in the first place and Pfizer was wrong.”

“What do you think are the biggest wastes of money that people spend on longevity? Oh, well, the overdosing of vitamins, particularly B vitamins. I think that if you're on a vegan diet, yeah, you should make sure you're not deficient in any B vitamins.”

“Some people do that. I think, yeah, you'll get a short-term hit. But I nibble on my B vitamins. I don't take the whole thing. I tried, again, the self-experimentation over the last couple of years recovering from this, this mold complex illness stuff has been interesting to say the least.”

“So I did a bunch of genetic testing, came back, I've got four different polymorphisms that make me suck at B vitamins, like one in the blood, one in the brain, one in the methylation, and one in something else. One of the potential put forward explanations was, well, your mean collicular volume, your MCV is high.”

“B12, like 500 micrograms. You tiny, teeny, tiny little dot. It's almost like got to put a huge needle in your leg to put this teeny, tiny amount of B vitamins in. I didn't realize that you can get something if you push it too far called B12-induced confusion.”

“was trying to push back against. What I'm saying is, I know what happens when you push B vitamins too far. And I actually did that the week. It was the biggest week of the show last year where I had Rogan. I was on Rogan on the Thursday and then recorded with Naval Ravicount on the Saturday.”

“the way. But then also, there are a lot of people that throw shit at the wall and much of it doesn't stick. One of the most popular interventions that people are talking about, contrast therapy, sauna and ice baths. What does the evidence say around cold and heat exposure for longevity?”

“is incredible. That does include sauna and cold baths. When we met in 2019, there was a little bit of data in saunas and nothing on cold baths except a mouse dunked in the cold.”

“that definitely sauna. There's a lot of evidence, mostly Nordic men have been studied, less women. But if you do regular, what they call sauna bathing in Finland a few times a week, your rate of heart disease can be much less.”

“And that is reproducible. So that I think saunas are great. I try to do some of that myself as hot as I can bear. Ice baths, contrast, it makes sense scientifically, hasn't really been studied.”

“I like to do it. It's fun or whatever. But I would probably take a sauna 20 times over taking a cold plunge if I'm going to try and do something for my health. I'm the same. I do a hot every day, including a steam shower, but I cold plunge probably once every two weeks at best by turning on the cold tap.”

“bodies as adults. Often they're in the back. You can get it, more brown fat by doing cold plunges and being cold. Do you want more brown fat? Yes. So I was going to say the brown fat's full of mitochondria, which are healthy.”

“build up brown fat. That is a might. You will get more brown fat if you cold plunge and do those kind of things, roll around in the snow. It is controversial, though. I did see a little bit of pushback against Wim Hoff and what he was saying.”

“Agree. It's 10 to 1, 20 to 1. That's what I'm saying. Yeah. And it's strange because the immediacy of the reward, if anyone's had a cold shower or used a cold plunge, you feel really good. As long as you stay in for a little bit, you feel so good afterward.”

“I would probably take a sauna 20 times over taking a cold plunge if I'm going to try and do something for my health. I'm the same. I do a hot every day, including a steam shower, but I cold plunge probably once every two weeks at best by turning on the cold tap. What do you make of Brian Johnson's approach to longevity?”

“Yeah, yeah. And we live indoors and we don't get enough of it from LEDs. Okay, glucose monitors. Love them. They're really good. Yeah, I think that we should all be empowered by our own data. Anyone who says, I don't want to know about my biology, I think I don't agree with that.”

“The CGMs have been very useful personally. I can see how I can see how I react to foods and I was surprised. Um grapes send me through the roof, white rice through the roof. I remember the great thing.”

“I'm wearing one right now. I wear them fairly regularly. The other thing that surprised me about CGMs was I gave one to my son, who at the time was, I think, 17. And we had a competition who can have the best blood glucose levels.”

“Now, I'm not saying go give it to children, but I do think there's an education and a behavioral change that can come with CGMs that, as I think you mentioned earlier today, can really, really make a difference. Therapy. You mean just general psychotherapy? Psychotherapy, psychotherapy.”

“The epigenome sits on top of that and controls the DNA. So in my book, Lifespan, it's a little dated now, but you might remember I chose a CD as the analogy. The epigenome is the reader of the music and the DNA is the music itself.”

“It hasn't changed. And my book, Lifespan, which came out, we were talking about when we first met in 2019, nothing in that book I've had to revise. It's all consistent. So there's no retractions from the book in 2019.”

“I thought I'd have to change things depending on the science, but the science has held up. So in the morning, and if you go to page, what is it, 304 of lifespan, it's still there. And I still do that. Resveratrol. It's been back and forth, controversial.”

“dunked in the cold. Now there's much better evidence. I put it in my book Lifespan because I was told by the editor that that would be interesting, but I was hesitant because there was such little data on saunas and nothing on ice baths, really.”

“I know Steve Horvath. Yeah. Yeah. Steve discovered the epigenetic clock. Can a simple multivitamin mineral supplement slow down aging? This is awesome. Congratulations. Thank you. Congratulations. I'm very proud of the team. It's a small but mighty team that we really are really driven by mission.”

“Generally, if you're taking a lot of multi, what do you call it? Multivitamins, it's excessive and it can actually be toxic if you have too much. So vitamin C can be pro-oxidation, not antioxidant, if you take a lot continuously.”

“not antioxidant, if you take a lot continuously. So overall, I'm not for multivitamins. I do believe you should measure your vitamin in your blood. And if you're deficient, you should make sure you're not deficient.”

“straight. It was fine. It all ended up being great in any case. But yeah, okay. So spending too much money on vitamins, multivitamins, is one of the biggest wastes. What else? Well, at the risk of being sued, I would say... There's a big Q.”

“Oh, interesting. Okay. There was a court case that I think resolved that. Are you still taking the baby aspirin? Yeah, I am. That's controversial too. One baby aspirin a day. Yeah, 81 milligrams, though 81 is only because a trial did 81.”

“Everybody's different. So I believe in precision medicine. And there's a group of people, for example, that it does make sense to take baby aspirin. It's been shown that there can be benefits. And it's those people, just as an example, who have high levels of lipoprotein A or LP little A.”

“I'm one of them. So I continue to take baby aspirin. But these are decisions to make with your physician. What else? I can't work out whether we call breast varietal a supplement or a drug or a pharmaceutical.”

“Nattokinase. Do you know about nattokinase? No, what's that? So do you know what natto is? It's natural. No, you're lucky. Anyone who's been to Japan probably has seen at breakfast in the hotels, they serve this goopy bean, sticky substance that if you lift it up, it looks like cobwebs.”

“well, at least it looks like it can remove plaque, hence nattokinase. Kinase is the enzyme. Natto is the food. And so I swallow, depending on the day, about 10,000 units of this stuff every morning.”

“And that is a number that will tell you very similarly how you're doing cardiovascularly for your whole body. And I'm going to see if nattokinase makes a difference. Fascinating. What's all this hype around erectile dysfunction medication? That's a leading question.”

“that's not really nutrition. I will drink a lot. I'll drink a lot of low calorie, zero calorie drinks, a lot of tea, that kind of stuff. But I can go without food for two weeks. It feels great. After the first three days, I'm over the hunger feeling. I can see on my monitor, which I've got one on here. The CGM.”

“I don't feel bloated at all. And I don't even have to go to the toilet that often, except for all the tea. But you know what I mean? And yeah, I feel energized. And I'm measuring myself. So I'm making sure I'm not overdoing it. This is not for everybody. If you're skinny and you've got barely any fat or you're elderly, it's not for you.”

“think you are. That's it. Yeah, I agree. And especially if you're, you're eating late, drinking coffee or tea late, uh, or matcha, caffeine and alcohol are big ones for bad sleep. Um, not just stress having a hot room or too many blankets is another mistake that a lot of people make.”

“impact it's had having on my body i can monitor it on my rings i do blood tests which is important you don't want to just guess what's working what isn't but yeah i know two weeks sounds like a lot but it is”

“Figure out how much sleep your body needs at a minimum. You can do that using some of these rings. It's very good for that. Some people need eight hours. Some people need seven hours. Typically, if you're younger, you need more. The good thing about getting older is you need less typically.”

“I know from my own experiments gets me into deep sleep quickly. And so my efficiency is typically, according to these rings, in the 90s, 90%, sometimes close to 100%. And then I can get away with less, which is nice because I travel a lot.”

“So a low calorie drink like this or water, tea, black tea, coffee is very good. They're both good. Actually, tea and coffee are both very good for you because they contain other molecules like polyphenols that, again, can activate these enzymes that protect us.”

“That's it. Yeah, I agree. And especially if you're eating late, drinking coffee or tea late, or matcha, caffeine and alcohol are big ones for bad sleep, not just stress. Having a hot room or too many blankets is another mistake that a lot of people make.”

“You can get those beds that cool. Eight sleep. Eight sleep is anyone that's not using an eight sleep, it's medieval. I understand they're expensive, but there's no one that I've got to do. Yeah, they're a partner on the show or whatever, but like this has got nothing to do with it. Every single person that I've got to try it can't believe that what life was like before they had a cool.”

“Don't sleep with a lot of blankets. We've already talked about eight sleep beds. That is a way probably to burn more heat, more energy, but it might help if you're feeling cold during the night, build up brown fat.”

“And I'm going to see if nattokinase makes a difference. Fascinating. What's all this hype around erectile dysfunction medication? That's a lead-in question. Well, yes, it's recently come into social media because it was found that these ED drugs are also good for some types of cancer and can change the immune system so that it goes from protecting the cancer to killing it.”

“But my favorite conspiracy theory about why erectile dysfunction medication is being pushed so hard is that it reduces any of the stigma of any one guy having to take it. It's like, darling, I've got to take it.”

“the way. But then also, there are a lot of people that throw shit at the wall and much of it doesn't stick. One of the most popular interventions that people are talking about, contrast therapy, sauna and ice baths. What does the evidence say around cold and heat exposure for longevity?”

“I try to do some of that myself as hot as I can bear. Ice baths, contrast, it makes sense scientifically, hasn't really been studied. But cold therapy, we do know it can activate brown fat, which is very good.”

“And if kids are involved, try to work it out. Mouth taping. And mouth taping. So I do snore if I have a thick pillow or eat certain supplements at night, I've found.”

“I do use those nose strips because she thinks they help. But no, I haven't had success myself with mouth taping. Testosterone therapy. I prefer natural versions. If you can't raise it naturally, yeah, for older people, there's been a lot of benefits.”

“Why do you come into land on omega-3 levels and supplementation? I take an omega-3. The data looks really pretty good that if you have some of that, it's anti-inflammatory. Whether or not it totally prevents heart disease, it's controversial now.”

“liver oil back in the day, low-quality omega-3 supplements aren't really that good for you. So this is like, you know, mythological fucking ancient wisdom. It really is. And actually, while we're on the topic of contamination, I and other labs have measured supplements and they're often contaminated with things.”

“fluctuate and so I watch my weight come down I've got a scale that measures my weight. It's, I don't know if I can measure, say the name or if it's forbidden, but I do like the Withings scale because it's smart scale links to the phone.”

“So I'm working out more than I do normally to make sure I don't lose any weight. And so that scale will tell me if I'm losing lean mass, which I don't want to do. And I make sure that I don't lose it. Is there not a concern to do with your gut?”

“We know that. But also I'm making sure that I'm not deficient in any minerals or vitamins. And so I'm taking in things like vitamin D, vitamin C as well, and some nutrients that I know I can become deficient in. What do you think is happening inside of your body after from day four until day 14?”

“it's excessive and it can actually be toxic if you have too much. So vitamin C can be pro-oxidation, not antioxidant, if you take a lot continuously. So overall, I'm not for multivitamins.”

“So a low calorie drink like this or water, tea, black tea, coffee is very good. They're both good. Actually, tea and coffee are both very good for you because they contain other molecules like polyphenols that, again, can activate these enzymes that protect us.”

“health. A lot of data on that, especially in animals, but some in humans. So branched chain amino acids, some people listening will know what they are. Valine, isoleucine, leucine, these are three of the 20 amino acids that are found in more abundance in animals than in plants.”

“My mum would tell me this 25 years ago when I was a kid, and she would be taking, and there would always be this line of low-quality cod liver oil back in the day, low-quality omega-3 supplements aren't really that good for you.”

“solution. CPAP machine. Really important for folks that have anoxia like oxygen at night for the brain. Though you could try other methods, which is lose weight, don't drink, get a thin pillow, try to sleep on your stomach.”

“I'm going to do a lightning round. So, in a sentence or two, give me your review on these interventions for longevity. Okay. Okay. Creatine. How are we scoring? Just however you want. Give me a review. Yes, no, like it, don't like it. Useless, buy it, do whatever you think, whatever you don't.”

“this new mechanism. We call the drug ER100, which is epigenetic reversal 100. But yeah, pretty much any disease or injury could theoretically be fixed, treated by this technology.”

“i can see how i react to foods and i was surprised um grapes send me through the roof white rice through the roof i remember the grape thing potatoes yeah and it's still true i'm wearing one right now i wear them fairly regularly the other thing that surprised me about cgms was i gave one to my son who at the time was i think 17”

“It's been tested in a number of clinical trials. I mix it with either a little bit of olive oil, that's my calories, or Greek yogurt or vegan yogurt. And it's been good to me.”

“eating three meals and snacking, that this you go to the you go to the supermarket and there's health bars down the whole aisle that you're supposed to never be hungry. That's going to be seen as extremely toxic. Your body needs to feel hungry sometimes, have a break from food.”

“MCV, is high. It's just like 101 or whatever, which is just above the upper range. Oh, well, maybe this is something to do with Bs. I was like, okay, well, I'll try some intramuscular B12, like 500 micrograms, teeny, tiny little... It's almost like you've got to put a huge needle in your leg to put this teeny, tiny amount of B vitamins in.”

“And it was filmed on two iPhones, one of which I'd had to borrow from a friend, and a single white USB microphone. And that was over seven years ago. Yeah, and now here we are. Remember it well when you were 12, right?”

“fog, energy, brain fog. Oh, I'm sleepy in the afternoon. That's our normal life. If you're fasting, your liver just puts out just the right amount of ketones for your brain, or you can drink some ketone drinks, or it's making glucose or both.”

“pretty quickly. I also take a supplement that my partner Serena makes, and it's got L-theanine and some other stuff that also I know from my own experiments gets me into deep sleep quickly.”

“health. A lot of data on that, especially in animals, but some in humans. So branched chain amino acids, some people listening will know what they are. Valine, isoleucine, leucine, these are three of the 20 amino acids that are found in more abundance in animals than in plants.”

“That's it. Yeah, I agree. And especially if you're eating late, drinking coffee or tea late, or matcha, caffeine and alcohol are big ones for bad sleep, not just stress. Having a hot room or too many blankets is another mistake that a lot of people make.”

“That's what you can do and you should do on a daily basis. It's what I do. Then there's drugs, which some of which may work. So that's metformin, rapamycin, some senolytics, and probably GLP1, receptor agonists would fall into that bucket.”

“Nattokinase. Do you know about nattokinase? No, what's that? So do you know what natto is? It's natural. No, you're lucky. Anyone who's been to Japan probably has seen at breakfast in the hotels, they serve this goopy bean, sticky substance that if you lift it up, it looks like cobwebs.”

“Well, the red light is not crazy. So certain infrared, I've got near-infrared panels. I'd have that actually. I'd shine that in the shower sometimes. Okay. And that the science is coming around to confirming some benefits there.”

“Yeah, but I won't say it. Okay, I'll tell you what. I use Nordic Naturals 2X at the best. I do like them. Their products are really pure and distilled. So you want to avoid the cadmium and lead products.”

“So I don't use mouth tape. I do use those nose strips because she thinks they help. But no, I haven't had success myself with mouth taping. Testosterone therapy. I prefer natural versions.”

“I can see how I react to foods and I was surprised. Um grapes send me through the roof, white rice through the roof. I remember the grape thing. Potatoes, yeah and it's still true I'm wearing one right now I wear them fairly regularly.”

“I love bodybuilding and protein is essential for building muscle, no question. Okay. And you can get a lot of protein from protein supplements and meat. Where I think it's been overhyped is we know that plants are essential for providing polyphenols and having a lack of branch chain amino acids specifically is also very good for health.”

“Then there's drugs, which some of which may work. So that's metformin, rapamycin, some senolytics, and probably GLP1, receptor agonists would fall into that bucket. And then there's supplements, which is the Wild West.”

“So I think that's fine. And the red light saunas, I'm going to get one and see how that goes. But the yellow lights and the others. Yeah, these other things. It looks like it's 4th of July in the house. But I'm not sure about that one.”

“I might switch to a PCSK9 inhibitor because it's more effective, but my family is very high class. I'm on Repatha. Great. Yeah. You like it? I've actually stopped taking Repatha because I want to see if it's causing some brain fog. Oh, that is sometimes associated.”

Also filed under PCSK9 Inhibitors

“And we'll have to come up with something else to discover. Something sexy. Huberman says he thinks Retatrutide will be a trillion-dollar drug. Do you reckon about that? I think it's possible. If the oral ones really look good, they may actually be even more interesting.”

“Walk, move, get up. I'm always walking around my office. I have a standing desk. I rarely sit down. So that kind of exercise is very good, certainly for balance, overall metabolism. So yeah, I try not to sit at all.”

“And I tweeted out what's not to love and millions of people saw that. But I'm serious. I take what is it? Cialis is the common name to Dalophil every morning, a low dose.”

“Well, you can supplement it with just running on a treadmill, going outside, rowing, sport, all of this stuff. Just as long as the way to know if you're exercising enough to build up your VO2 max is you shouldn't be able to carry out a conversation easily like this.”

“We know that. But also I'm making sure that I'm not deficient in any minerals or vitamins. And so I'm taking in things like vitamin D, vitamin C as well, and some nutrients that I know I can become deficient in. What do you think is happening inside of your body after from day four until day 14?”

“So a low calorie drink like this or water, tea, black tea, coffee is very good. They're both good. Actually, tea and coffee are both very good for you because they contain other molecules like polyphenols that, again, can activate these enzymes that protect us.”

“And yeah, it's stark. I've got maybe 1,500, maybe 2,000 nights on WHOOP tracked, right, over the years. And you're just always sleeping less than you think you are. Like, if you don't have money to buy a wearable, just the rule is you're sleeping less than you think you are.”

“It's, I don't know if I can measure, say the name or if it's forbidden, but I do like the Withings scale because it's smart scale links to the phone. Yeah. It would get your composition as well if you hold the handle.”

“Yeah. Okay. I might munch on a piece of celery or something, that's not really nutrition. I will drink a lot. I'll drink a lot of low calorie, zero calorie drinks, a lot of tea, that kind of stuff. But I can go without food for two weeks. It feels great. After the first three days, I'm over the hunger feeling. I can see on my monitor, which I've got one on here.”